The fragile oceanic sites require techniques, tools and methods that can allow us map their physical and ecological conditions. These include the location's morphology as well as more ephemeral physical conditions, such as current patterns, temperature and light intensity.

Understanding a specific site enables us to discuss most suitable selection of species that can repopulate desolated seafloor and to plan related habitats.

We thus developed a custom-made underwater sensor system and installed it in the bay of Valsaline Pula, an urban site in which efforts to increase biodiversity have had modest success. Similarly to urban planning, the information about an underwater public site is to be shared with general public, researchers and other interested communities.

We have created a distributed sensor system that can track currents, light and temperature at different locations and combine this data to identify different underwater microclimatic locations that may require design intervention to provide habitat for different species. 20 custom-made underwater sensors were made to be installed at the top and two sides of the wall, at depths ranging from 6 to 30 metres, evenly distributed along the length of the wall. The first rounds of sensor prototypes were iteratively installed at depths of 6 to 14 metres. Due to the cold water temperature and the fragile 3D printed material, the prototypes proved not to be robust enough for extended monitoring. The second iteration of the sensor devices tested was designed to accommodate more battery power and 3D printed using a more robust material. This iteration will be installed in the bay in April 2025 and left submerged for five months.

In the debate about the restoration of threatened marine habitats, local habitats in the Mediterranean region are often overlooked in favour of the conservation of coral reefs. Many people only know the seagrass Posidonia Oceanica as an ugly patch of brown algae that pollutes our pristine white beaches. It is all too often forgotten that Posidonia oceanica is a keystone species that determines the symbiotic interaction of a wide range of marine life¹ and is one of the most important carbon sinks in the Mediterranean.²

As part of the dissertation project «SymbiOcean» by doctoral candidate and young scientist Rasa Weber, the prototype «Syntopolis» deals with the restoration of Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadows, as well as the symbiotic relationships of this key species in ecological interaction with other marine life in Alga Bay (Corsica, FR). The mechanical impact on Posidonia oceanica caused by human activity and the associated environmentally harmful anchoring techniques have led to a significant decline in seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean³ and can also be observed in Alga Bay.⁴ Since 2022, the team at the marine research station STARESO - Station de Recherche Océanographiques et sous-marines on the north coast of Corsica, and PhD student Arnaud Boulenger from Sylvie Gobert's research group (University of Liège) have been working on alternative restoration techniques for P. oceanica based on biodegradable fibres. ⁵

The first test results of this study are used by the project «SymbiOcean» of the designer Rasa Weber as a basis for the development of a design work in the sea. In collaboration with local craft businesses (weaving studio Atelier Marie Drouet) and technical collaboration with marine biology (STARESO), the installation «Syntopolis»  was created based on natural fibres (wickerwork, hemp rope, coconut rope and recycled ship's rope). The aim is to achieve artistic and scientific collaboration on alternative restoration techniques in the Mediterranean to create new habitats for the endangered key species and their communities. In this process, Posidonia is not actively transplanted, but settles naturally together with fish (Chromis chromis, Serranus scriba et al.), sea snails and mussels, as well as other pioneer species («wild settlement»). The installation functions as an «open invitation»⁶ for a wide variety of creatures, including humans. Furthermore, the project methodically develops new starting points for interdisciplinary collaboration between research and «undisciplined»⁷ and local knowledge cultures. Coastal dwellers and their cultural techniques are the starting point for the development of a restorative cultural technique in the sense of the «biocultural identity» ⁸ of the coastal region in northern Corsica. The bioregion ⁹ is thus revitalised locally in order to involve diverse forms of knowledge and a wide range of living beings in the search for new cultural techniques for the preservation of the seas. 

^{1               C.F. Boudouresque, N. Mayot, G. Pergent (2006) »The outstanding traits of the functioning of the Posidonia oceanica seagrass ecosystem«. In:  Biol. Mar. Medit., 13 (4): 109-113.}

^{2               Esteban Morelle-Hungría & Pablo Serra-Palao (2024). »Human impacts on Posidonia oceanica, a key species in the Mediterranean Sea«. In: Geoffrey Garver (ed.), Ecological Law in Practice, Routledge: 69-91.}

^{3               A. P. Ganteaume, E. Bonhomme, E. Emery, G. Hervé, C.-F. Boudouresque (2005b) »Impact sur la prairie à Posidonia oceanicade l’amarrage des bateaux de croisière, au large du port de Porquerolles (Provence, France, Méditerranée) «. In : Sci. Rep. Port-Cros Natl. Park 21: 163–173.}

^{And: Arnaud Abadie et al. (2016). »From mechanical to chemical impact of anchoring in seagrasses: The premises of anthropogenic patch}

^{generation in Posidonia oceanica meadows«, In: Mar. Pollut. Bull.; 109(1): 61-71.}

^{4               Arnaud Abadie et al. (2016). Ibid.} 

^{5               Arnaud Boulenger et al. (2024), »Nature-based solutions for coastal protection in sheltered and exposed coastal waters: integrated monitoring program for baseline ecological structure and functioning assessment«, In: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 196 (316).}

^{6               A. Ståhl & K. Lindström (2020). »Politics of Inviting: Co-Articulations of Issues in Designerly Public«. In: R.C. Smith, T. K. Vangkilde et al. (2016.)  Design Anthropological Futures, Routledge: 183–198.}

^{7               Frédéric Darbellay (2015). »Rethinking inter- and transdisciplinarity: Undisciplined knowledge and the emergence of a new thought style«. In: Futures 65: 163-174.}

^{8               Iain J. Davidson-Hunt, Katherine L. Turner et al. (2012). »Biocultural Design: A New Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development in Rural Indigenous and Local Communities«. In: Sapiens 5 (2).}

^{9               BC architects & studies (2024). »A Manual for Bioregional Design«. In: The Future Observatory Journal, Bioregioning 1.}  

Design & Research: Rasa Weber

Co-Design and Production: Atelier Marie Drouet

Assistance Atelier Marie Drouet:  

Elie Hascoet

Zélie Portoles

Eva Themyr

Lisa Pinot

Marion Taupin

Camera: Rasa Weber

                  Mélodie Chapat

                   Aubin Woehrel

                   Emma Mende

Scientific Monitoring: Mélodie Chapat

                                             Aubin Woehrel

Date: July 2024 - ongoing.

Location: STARESO - Station de Recherches Sous- marines et Océanographiques de Calvi Corsica (FR)

Production technique: traditional fish-trap weaves of reed

Material: reedwork 

                hemp rope

                coconut rope

                recycled ship's rope

Scientific Advice: Arnaud Boulenger

                (University of Liège)

                Michel Marengo (STARESO)

                Sylvie Gobert (University of Liège)

Divers:  Antoine Bertin (Interfacing the Ocean)

                Mélodie Chapat (STARESO)

                Giulio Cavalieri (STARESO)

                Katinka Soller (Jordan Lab)

                Emma Mende (UdK)

                Anthea Oestreicher (Interfacing the Ocean)

                Cristina Tarquini

                 Till Timmermann

                 Rasa Weber (Interfacing the Ocean)

                 Aubin Woehrel (STARESO)

Research Project: PhD thesis «SymbiOcean»

SNF Project: «Interfacing the Ocean» (ZHdK)

Collaborators: Jordan Lab - Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior

                               Zurich University of the Arts

                               Linz University of Art and Design

                               «Matters of Activity», Cluster of Excellence. Humboldt University of Berlin

Internship:  Emma Mende (University of the Arts Berlin, DE)

Photographers: Mélodie Chapat

                                 Emma Mende
                                 Till Timmermann         
                                 Rasa Weber
                                 Aubin Woehrel

Grant Support:  Swiss National Science Fund (Interfacing the Ocean)

                                 Transdisciplinary Artistic Program (ZHdK)

                                 Traveling Grant University of Art

                                 and Design Linz (AT)

                                 «Matters of Activity». Cluster of  Excellence. Humboldt University of Berlin.

All rights reserved. rasaweber.com © 2024.

More info: rasaweber.com/syntopolis

Cultivating Plankton and Hacking Bioreactors

In response to the global challenges posed by climate change and the accelerating destruction of coral reefs, numerous coral restoration techniques are under development. However, many current methods, utilizing plastic or metal devices and chemical adhesives are detrimental to the symbiotic ecological interplay of oceanic ecosystems and hinder the long-term regeneration of corals. In many cases, these «colonial» techniques are not connected to the living environment of the human coastal inhabitants and thus often do not promote an urgently needed social change in coastal communities.

CREDITS: Diver laura Julio Racero during transplantation of Acropora cervicornis onto prototype of «Symbiotic Coral Nurseries» from Bejuco. Pilot projekt: Symbiotic Coral Nurseries. Photo: Rasa Weber. Diver: Laura Julio Racero. Location: Tierra Bomba (COL), 2023. Rasa Weber rasaweber.com & Polynesian Institute of Biomimicry biomimetisme-polynesie.org © 2024. All rights reserved.

The international project team of the «Symbiotic Coral Nurseries» (Colombia, France, Germany) initiated a pilot project spanning from January 2023 to March 2024. This project proposes the utilization of natural fibers and incorporates the social dimension of the local coastal community in the development of a marine conservation method. The «Symbiotic Coral Nurseries» represent a novel prototype utilizing innovative and symbiotic biomineralization techniques based on natural fibers and traditional artisanal crafts to promote coral conservation.

The Polynesian Biomimicry Institute (IPB), in collaboration with CRIOBE (CNRS) and the Colombian Biomimicry Institute (ICB), has been designing the preceding project «Biomim-For-Coral» (French Polynesia) since 2019. These nurseries, inspired by biomimicry, integrate natural materials, local knowledge, and traditional weaving techniques to enhance productivity and provide protection for coral during temperature fluctuations.

In 2023, following a project presentation at World Design Capital Valencia (Spain), the IPB partnered with design studio Rasa Weber, Paraiso Dive Center’s José Uparela, and Colombian designer Andry Carrasquilla to construct a symbiotic coral garden in the Bocachica region. This project aimed to create an ecological habitat for corals while supporting local artisanal work and collaborating with local divers for marine conservation. By working with experts like marine biologist Camilo Ulloa and local divers, the project fostered synergies between coastal communities and the life of corals. 

After a year of preparation and a month of on-site fieldwork, the team led by Rasa Weber and François Briant produced and installed five comparative prototypes using bio-based materials such as bejuco wood, fiqué fibers, and coconut fibers. As a «hybrid nursery model» the fibers were in one case combined with a metal structure, as the basis for installing a Biorock system (Hilbertz & Goreau 1970), which is a widely used system in coral restoration. The accelerated biomineralization caused by the Biorock system was meant to counteract the rapid biodegradation of the natural fibers in order to stabilize the nursery system, as a similar result was already observed in an earlier IPB experiment as part of the «Biomim-For-Coral» project. The combination of natural fibers with the technology, its interaction with the Caribbean coral ecosystem and the local coastal community of Bocachica seeks to introduce a novel approach to the established restoration technology. While these materials showed promise for coral growth, their long-term stability remained uncertain. Especially in the face of environmental pressure of the Caribbean Heatwave 2023, as well as technical challenges, lack of budget and specific expertise in its installation hindered the long-term maintenance of the project. 

Despite technological uncertainties, the «Symbiotic Coral Nurseries» project represents a profound exploration of the cultural and ecological connections between an indigenous craft tradition of the Mokaná group, with collaborators Ofelia and Jaime Torres from the village Paluato Atlántico and the local coral ecosystems. Moreover, it seeks to forge links between coastal communities from the village of Bocachica, with divers Laura Julio Racero and Javier Olmos, and marine restoration efforts. Considerations for sustainable tourism with Blue Apple Bay hotel added an economic dimension to the project’s long-term prospects.

Drawing from their collaboration and observed results, the Polynesian Biomimicry Institute (IPB) is developing further projects based on a new design and implemented methodology in Polynesia, La Réunion, and Cartagena to advance bio-based marine restoration methods, including the development and test of the initially envisioned «hybrid nursery models», while Rasa Weber continues her PhD project «SymbiOcean», focusing on designing prototypes and design anthropological analysis at the intersection of coastal communities, marine biology, and design in the creation of symbiotic marine habitat.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. Prototype for the hybrid model of the "Symbiotic Coral Nurseries" from natural fibre with Trumpetfish Aulostomus maculatus) and transplants of Madracis auretana.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. José Uparela with Biorock prototype of "Symbiotic Coral Nurseries" with conductive steel wire and coral transplants of Porites porites.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. José Uparela with prototype of "Symbiotic Coral Nurseries" from Bejuco fibre with transplants of Acropora cervicornis.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. Ofélia Torres teaches Rasa Weber how to splice Bejuco liana for weaving.

CREDITS: Photo: Rasa Weber. Ofélia Torres splicing Bejuco liana for weaving.

CREDITS: Photo: Rasa Weber. Hand-woven prototype from Bejuco for "Symbiotic Coral Nurseries" in front of banana leaves.

CREDITS: Photo: Rasa Weber. Hand of Jaime Torres showing seedling of Bejuco plant in his garden.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. Jaime Torres showing Bejuco Real plant in his garden.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. Andry Carrasquilla and Rasa Weber with inhabitants of village Paluato Atlántico doing design ethnographic interview with Jaime Torres.

CREDITS: Photo: François Briant. Jaime Torres in his garden.

Pilot Project: «Symbiotic Coral Nurseries.» 

Design & Research: Polynesian Biomimicry Institute (IPB) & design studio Rasa Weber. 

Project coordination: Rasa Weber & François Briant, CEO of IPB. 

Design: Andry Carrasquilla & Rasa Weber. 

Dive Coordination and Installation: José Uparela, CEO Paraiso Dive, paraisodive.org. 

Artisans: Jaime & Ofélia Torres & Ofélia Torres Jr. 

Locations: Village of Paluato Atlántico (COL)

                      Village of Bocachica (COL)

                      Cartagena (COL)

Marine Biology: Camilo Ulloa. 

Dive team: François Briant

                      Andry Carrasquilla

                      Carolina Gracia

                      Lourdes Alonso Sanchez

                      Javier Olmos

                      Luis Diego Pevet M

                      Laura Julio Racero

                      José Uparela

                      Rasa Weber. 

Date: January 2023 - March 2023.

PhD Project: «SymbiOcean». Funded by the Swiss National Science Fund research project:«Interfacing the Ocean». 

Hosting University:

Zurich University of the Arts (CH) &University of Art and Design Linz (AT). 

Photography: François Briant & Rasa Weber.

Camera: Rasa Weber.

Material: Bejuco Liana, Fiqué Fibre, Coconut Fibre, Steel wire for Biorock and «hybrid nursery models».

Grant Support: 

Traveling Grant of the University of Art and Design Linz (AT)
& Transdisciplinary Artistic (ZHdK)

Extended Collaborators:

Blue Apple Beach Resort - CEO Portia Hart

«Matters of Activity». Cluster of Excellence. Humboldt University of Berlin

Weaving technique: Jaime Torres

                                         Ofélia Torres

                                         Ofélia Torres Jr. 

Artisans from the Indigenous Group of the Mokaná at Paluato Atlantico

Rasa Weber rasaweber.com & Polynesian Institute of Biomimicry biomimetisme-polynesie.org © 2024. All rights reserved.

»Kiki« is the prototype of an artificial reef that provides a substrate and structure for pioneer organisms to form a habitat in the Mediterranean. It is based on the process mineral accretion in seawater by electrolysis, consists of conductive steel yarn and steel frames and is powered by a solar panel on land. During a six-month monitoring phase, the prototype was submerged in the bay of the marine biology research station STARESO - Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques de Calvi in Corsica (FR).

_{CREDITS: Kiki reef prototype in STARESO. rasaweber.com. Photo: Stéphane Jamme, @stepp_aquanaute. Diver: Noemie Chabrier. Location: STARESO (FRR), 2023.}

The structure was created through the engagement of various participants who all contributed to its realization. At the pier of the scientific research station, marine biologists, divers, and even children were involved in weaving and assembling the large-scale prototype. The process could be described as a way of »weaving together« - as a shared co-design experience for the participants to literally weave together, but beyond that, the work interweaves the biological with the sociological dimension. After »Kiki’s« immersion in the bay, supported by a team of six divers and a boat, the structure was anchored at minus 10 meters and connected to a solar panel on land.

_{CREDITS: Kiki reef prototype in STARESO. rasaweber.com. Photo: Mathieu Kelhetter. Location: STARESO (FRR), 2023.}

We might ask: Can design play an active role in the origin of life and thus influence the evolutionary history of the sea itself?

In 1970, the architect and self-taught oceanographer Wolf Hilbertz developed the »Biorock« principle in collaboration with the biochemist Tom Goreau. The material technology activates the accretion of seawater minerals on steel structures through electrolysis. By placing a positive and a negative pole in marine environments under low voltage current (the prototype »Kiki« acts as the negative pole), the technology enables the accumulation of limestone on conductive steel structures. Limestone is an ideal substrate for marine organisms and is therefore often used in the restoration of coral reefs. Hilbertz also dealt with his technology on a theoretical level by repeatedly fantasizing about a cybernetic system and omnipotent role of the designer in his academic reflection – named »cybertecture«. The designer as helmsman (ancient Greek kybernetes = helmsman) suggests the vision of a human-made and controllable evolutionary history in which evolutionary events can be steered.

_{CREDITS: Kiki reef prototype in STARESO. rasaweber.com. Photo: Mathieu Kelhetter. Location: STARESO (FRR), 2023.}

The theory of symbiogenesis by Lynn Margulis forms an antithesis to the cybernetic model proposed by Hilbertz. The pioneering biologist Margulis, who has coined a completely new tradition of thinking about symbiotic relationships (in contrast to the neo-Darwinian idea of »survival of the fittest«), places the interdependence of all species at the center of her theory as an essential element of evolutionary history. 

From a design perspective, it therefore seems necessary to ask: How structured, chaotic, centralized or symbiotically interwoven can the design of habitats be?

_{CREDITS: Kiki reef prototype in STARESO. rasaweber.com. Photo: Mathieu Kelhetter. Divers: Noemie Chabrier, Anja Wegner, Rasa Weber, Mathieu Kelhetter. Location: STARESO (FRR), 2023.}

The »Biorock« technology remains controversial among marine biologists. Critical voices point to the accelerated growth of the corals due to the system and the resulting increased porosity of the coral bodies, which makes them less resistant to storms and anthropogenic influences. In addition, the system requires a large amount of hidden energy resources (constant 12 volts), which is particularly challenging for its deployment in countries of the Global South. The prototype serves as a tangible critical examination of the technology and the topos of human stewardship in the ocean. »Kiki« offers a vantage point on the phantasm of human hubris that suggests that the designer alone can create a controlled environment for the emergence of life.

_{CREDITS: Kiki reef prototype in STARESO. rasaweber.com. Photo: Stéphane Jamme, @stepp_aquanaute. Divers: Noemie Chabrier. Location: STARESO (FRR), 2023.}

»Kiki« remained in the Mediterranean for six months, slowly transforming into a habitat for various types of marine life. The prototype illustrates the collaboration with marine life, but also grapples with ocean forces, the seasons in the Mediterranean and significant time spans. In November 2023, »Kiki« was taken by a Corsican storm that tore the structure to pieces. The queer art of failure. To be continued.

Design & Research: Rasa Weber

Camera: Rasa Weber

Date: June 2023 - November 2023.

Location: STARESO - Station de Recherches Sous- marines et Océanographiques de Calvi, Corsica (FR)

Biorock technique: Thomas Goreau

                                        Wolf Hilbertz (1970)

Material: laser cut steel frames

                   conductive steel yarn

Divers: Noemi Chabrier

               Sylvain Coudray

               Arnaud Boulenger

               Sandra Bracun

               Stéphane Jamme

               Leonie John

               Michael Karle   

               Mathieu Kelhetter

               Michaela Roger   

               Bram van der Schoot                       

               Kelly Stiver

                Rasa Weber

                Anja Wegner

                Lena Wesenberg

                Aubin Woehrel

Collaborators: Jordan Lab - Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior

Zurich University of the Arts

Linz University of Art and Design

Matters of Activity - Cluster of Excellence. Humboldt University of Berlin

Anja Wegner (behavioral biologist Jordan Lab)

Internship:  Mathieu Kelhetter (Design Academy Eindhoven, NL)

Photographers: Noemi Chabrier

                                 Sandra Bracun

                                 Stéphane Jamme              

                                 Mathieu Kelhetter

                                 Michaela Roger                           

                                 Kelly Stiver

                                 Rasa Weber

                                 Aubin Woehrel

      
Sponsoring: Imattec, Bekaert, KiangFiber.

Grant Support:  Traveling Grant University of Art and Design Linz (AT)

PROCOPE (Government of France-Embassy of France in Germany/DAAD)

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